| ESP Journal of Engineering & Technology Advancements |
| © 2023 by ESP JETA |
| Volume 3 Issue 3 |
| Year of Publication : 2023 |
| Authors : M.Vinoka, Dr.S.Durairaj |
:10.56472/25832646/JETA-V3I7P101 |
M.Vinoka, Dr.S.Durairaj, 2023. Effective Error Detection in VLSI Circuits Using Comparators ESP Journal of Engineering & Technology Advancements 3(3): 1-7.
This study focuses on providing simulation results and analysis of a fault-tolerant voter circuit, with a specific emphasis on the Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) system. TMR systems enhance the robustness of the voter circuit by introducing redundancy at the logic level. The proposed technique aims to minimize the area cost while ensuring multiple fault detection capability. To achieve this, a novel voter circuit has been developed and implemented using Verilog HDL. The circuit's performance has been thoroughly evaluated through extensive simulations using Xilinx 12.1 software. By improving the robustness of the voter circuit in a TMR system, this work contributes to enhancing the overall reliability and fault tolerance of nanoelectronic systems. The proposed voter circuit designed with minimum area cost considerations, offers efficient multiple fault detection capabilities. The use of Verilog HDL and Xilinx 12.1 simulations provides a comprehensive evaluation of the circuit's performance, ensuring its feasibility and effectiveness in practical implementations. Overall, this research work sheds light on the importance of hardware redundancy in mitigating the higher defect rates observed in nanoelectronics. By focusing on the development and evaluation of a robust voter circuit within a TMR system, this study paves the way for more reliable and fault-tolerant nanoelectronic systems, enabling them to operate seamlessly even in the presence of inherent defects and challenges.
[1] H. Quinn, “Radiation Effects in Reconfigurable FPGAs,” Semiconductor Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 4, p. 044001, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://stacks.iop.org/0268-1242/32/i=4/a=044001
[2] J. Gaisler, “Suitability of Reprogrammable FPGAs in Space Aspplications,” ESA Technical Report, 2002 http://www. estec. esa. nl/microelectronics/asic/fpga 002 01-0-4. pd f accessed on 5th March, Tech. Rep., 2004.
[3] J. Hussein, M. Klein, and M. Hart, “Lowering Power at 28 nm with Xilinx 7 Series Devices,” Xilinx, White paper, WP389 (v1. 2), 2013.
[4] M. Nicolaidis, Soft Errors in Modern Electronic Systems, 1st ed. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2010.
[5] F. Siegle, “Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery Schemes for Spaceborne Reconfigurable FPGA-Based Systems,” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, 2015.
[6] J. F. T. Olano, “Exploring the Use of Multiple Modular Redundancies for Masking Accumulated Faults in SRAM-based FPGAs,” Ph.D. dissertation, Institute of Information, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2014.
[7] C. Bolchini, A. Miele, and M. D. Santambrogio, “TMR and Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration to Mitigate SEU faults in FPGAs,” in Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems, 2007. DFT’07. 22nd IEEE International Symposium ons. IEEE, 2007, pp. 87–95.
[8] U. Afzaal and J. A. Lee, “FPGA-based Design of a Self-Checking TMR Voter,” in Field-Programmable Logic and Applications, 2017. FPL’17. 27th International Conference on. IEEE, 2017.
[9] R. Kshirsagar and R. Patrikar, “Design of a novel fault-tolerant voter circuit for TMR implementation to improve reliability in digital circuits,” Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 49, pp. 1573–1577, 2009.
[10] T. Ban and L. A. de Barros Naviner, “A Simple Fault-tolerant Digital Voter Circuit in TMR Nanoarchitectures,” in Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International NEWCAS Conference 2010, June 2010, pp. 269– 272.
[11] P. K. Balasubramanian, P., “A Fault Tolerance Improved Majority Voter for TMR System Architectures,” WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 15, pp. 108–122, 2016.
[12] S. Mitra and E. J. McCluskey, “Word-voter: A New Voter Design for Triple Modular Redundant Systems,” in Proceedings 18th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium, 2000, pp. 465–470.
[13] T. B. L, F. L. Kastensmidt, and A. C. S. Beck, “Towards an Adaptable Bit-width NMR Voter for Multiple Error Masking,” in 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT), Oct 2014, pp. 258–263.
[14] J M. Johnson and M. J. Wirthlin, “Voter Insertion Algorithms for FPGA Designs Using Triple Modular Redundancy,” in Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays, ser. FPGA ’10, 2010, pp. 249–258.
[15] K. Chapman, “Triple Modular Redundancy Design Techniques for Virtex FPGAs,” Xilinx, XAPP197, V1.0.1, July, 2006.
[16] Xilinx, “UltraScale Architecture Configurable Logic Block,” User guide, UG574, V1.5, February, 2017.
[17] A. Lesea, S. Drimer, J. J. Fabula, C. Carmichael, and P. Alfke, “The rosetta experiment: atmospheric soft error rate testing in differing technology fpgas,” IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 317–328, Sept 2005.
[18] M. Wirthlin, D. Lee, G. Swift, and H. Quinn, “A Method and Case Study on Identifying Physically Adjacent Multiple-Cell Upsets Using 28-nm, Interleaved and SECDED-Protected Arrays,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 3080–3087, 2014.
[19] H. Quinn, P. Graham, J. Krone, M. Caffrey, and S. Rezgui, “Radiation- Induced Multi-Bit Upsets in SRAM-Based FPGAs,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 2455–2461, 2005.
VLSI Circuit, Comparators, TMR System.