Citation:

Bhanuvardhan Nune , 2025. "Building LLM Powered Applications from Scratch - GEN AI Architect perspective", ESP Journal of Engineering & Technology Advancements  5(3): 32-37.

Abstract:

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into core infrastructure for intelligent systems, the need for practical architectural guidance grows ever more urgent. This review takes the perspective of a Generative AI (GenAI) architect tasked with designing, building, and deploying LLM-powered applications from the ground up. Drawing from foundational research and real-world implementations, it outlines the modular architecture of such systems, from user interface orchestration to memory, inference, and alignment layers. It discusses the challenges of scaling, trust, latency, retrieval augmentation, and tool integration. The review also introduces a theoretical stack model tailored for architects and closes with future trends such as multimodal reasoning, federated deployments, and autonomous agents. Ultimately, this article aims to serve as a roadmap for practitioners navigating the rapidly maturing world of LLM application design.

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Keywords:

Large Language Models (LLMs); GenAI Architecture; LLMOps; RAG; Prompt Orchestration; RLHF; Tool-Augmented Reasoning; Agent Frameworks; Multimodal Models; Federated AI.