We present an empirical and theoretical comparative analysis of the structural causal model (SCM) and the potential outcome (PO) frameworks under the presence of biases of confounding and selection in the dataset. We used the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) dataset tagged “Strengthening Education in Northeast (SENSE) Nigeria, - an educational intervention program of the American University of Nigeria under the sponsorship of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
In open-air settings, low magnetic fields of 0.0𝑚𝑇, 0.0215𝑚𝑇, 0.0373𝑚𝑇, and 0.646𝑚𝑇 are applied throughout the sprout length growth phase following germination and post-germination of gram seeds (Cicer arietinum). When magnetic fields increase, the sprout length reduces and non-linear changes are seen in the graphs. As a result, the sprout length elongation of seeds is negatively impacted by these magnetic fields.
The addition of additives and changes in the quantity of certain materials and additions have an impact on the properties of molding sands. These additives include coal dust, clays, and corn flours; the materials mentioned are binders and water. The source of the natural molding sand was at Potiskum town, which is in the Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, North Eastern Nigeria.
The rise in the failure of mechanical components, some of which are attributable to poor weld joints has given rise to research study on the optimization of weld joint strengths. Irrespective of the welding process, the need for the right combination of input process parameters cannot be over emphasized. To achieve a desired weld quality, a weld mechanical property such as the Chip Removal Rate was examined and related to weld input parameters such as depth of cut, cutting speed and feed rate. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were used to predict and optimize the Chip Removal Rate of a required to enhance the tool life of some Selected Material.
Nigeria, a developing nation, has abundant natural gas resources, which are abundant in terms of energy when combined with the known crude oil reserves of the nation. Nigeria is also becoming into a hub for natural gas, with long-term economic growth and development promising long-term environmental benefits. And for good reason—natural gas is the most economical, cleanest, and ecologically benign energy source available to consumers.
Project management is essential for achieving organizational goals, especially in today's dynamic business environment. As projects become more intricate, the demand for intelligent tools to aid project managers in decision-making and resource allocation has grown. Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds promise in transforming project management by automating tasks, generating insights, and facilitating decision-making.
Causal Inference Estimates with Backdoor Adjustment Condition vs. the Unconfoundedness Assumption: A Comparative
Analysis Study of the Structural Causal Model and the Potential Outcome FrameworksGabriel Terna Ayem, Ozcan Asilkan,
Aamo Iorliam, Rabiu Ibrahim, Salu George Thandekkattu
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We present an empirical and theoretical comparative analysis of the structural causal model (SCM) and the potential outcome (PO) frameworks under the presence of biases of confounding and selection in the dataset. We used the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) dataset tagged “Strengthening Education in Northeast (SENSE) Nigeria, - an educational intervention program of the American University of Nigeria under the sponsorship of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
Response to a Low Magnetic Field during the Growth of Sprout Length of Gram SeedsAmitava Ghorai
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In open-air settings, low magnetic fields of 0.0𝑚𝑇, 0.0215𝑚𝑇, 0.0373𝑚𝑇, and 0.646𝑚𝑇 are applied throughout the sprout length growth phase following germination and post-germination of gram seeds (Cicer arietinum). When magnetic fields increase, the sprout length reduces and non-linear changes are seen in the graphs. As a result, the sprout length elongation of seeds is negatively impacted by these magnetic fields.
Evaluation of Potiskum Natural Sand's Acceptability as Foundry Moulding MaterialMahmoud Lawan Umar, Fabiyi Mustapha Olawale,
Isheni Yakubu, Majidadi Solomon Tibidawe
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The addition of additives and changes in the quantity of certain materials and additions have an impact on the properties of molding sands. These additives include coal dust, clays, and corn flours; the materials mentioned are binders and water. The source of the natural molding sand was at Potiskum town, which is in the Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, North Eastern Nigeria.
Prediction and Optimization of Chip Removal Rate Required to enhance the Weld’s Tool Life using Response Surface Methodology
(RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)Eyituoyo Amorighoye Lucky, Achebo Joseph, Obahiagbon Kessington, Uwoghiren Frank Omos
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The rise in the failure of mechanical components, some of which are attributable to poor weld joints has given rise to research study on the optimization of weld joint strengths. Irrespective of the welding process, the need for the right combination of input process parameters cannot be over emphasized. To achieve a desired weld quality, a weld mechanical property such as the Chip Removal Rate was examined and related to weld input parameters such as depth of cut, cutting speed and feed rate. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were used to predict and optimize the Chip Removal Rate of a required to enhance the tool life of some Selected Material.
Natural Gas Utilization: The Opportunities and Limitations militating Developing EconomiesOnwuamaeze, Ikechukwu Patrick,
Mohammed Bello Ahmed, Enakireru Emmanuel Ese
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Nigeria, a developing nation, has abundant natural gas resources, which are abundant in terms of energy when combined with the known crude oil reserves of the nation. Nigeria is also becoming into a hub for natural gas, with long-term economic growth and development promising long-term environmental benefits. And for good reason—natural gas is the most economical, cleanest, and ecologically benign energy source available to consumers.
Revolutionizing Project Management with Generative AIAmit Mangal
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Project management is essential for achieving organizational goals, especially in today's dynamic business environment. As projects become more intricate, the demand for intelligent tools to aid project managers in decision-making and resource allocation has grown. Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds promise in transforming project management by automating tasks, generating insights, and facilitating decision-making.