Citation:

Abhay Mangalore, 2025. "Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-Based Person Detection for Smart Surveillance and Indoor Tracking", ESP Journal of Engineering & Technology Advancements  5(2): 207-215.

Abstract:

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology has emerged as a key enabler of smart indoor positioning systems and person detection frameworks, offering low-cost, low-power, and scalable deployments. This article reviews core BLE-based localization principles, including signal attenuation modeling, trilateration, and fingerprinting. We further examine their integration with real-world platforms such as ESP32 microcontrollers and Apple Watch wearables in the context of smart homes, hospitals, and secure buildings. This review also explores BLE’s role in security surveillance, multi-resident activity recognition, privacy-aware access control, and BLE mesh networks. Implementation architectures, use cases, equations, and challenges are detailed. Finally, we highlight promising directions in AI-based signal filtering and multi-modal fusion.

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Keywords:

Bluetooth Low Energy (Ble), Person Detection, Indoor Localization, Smart Surveillance, Esp32, Apple Watch, Rssi, Ble Mesh, Privacy.