Citation:

Rajeev Kallayil , 2026. "An Overview of MVC-Based and API-Centric Backend Architectures in .NET Ecosystems ", ESP Journal of Engineering & Technology Advancements  6(1): 65-73.

Abstract:

Cloud computing, which makes use of shared, Internet-based computing resources, has emerged as a dominant model in software development in recent years. It makes the software development process easy and fast by offering the backbone to the applications. This paper examines the history, architectural principles, and current backend practices that are informing the modern web development, focusing especially on the .NET ecosystem, the MVC principles of architectural design, and API-based backend design. The discussion starts with a historical approach, following the shift of Windows-focused .NET Framework to cross-platform and open-source unified .NET framework, and points out the performance, modularity, and the emergence of AI integration in the recent version. The main backend frameworks are then analyzed, whereby Java EE, ASP.NET and ASP.NET core are analyzed based on platform support, enterprise features and deployment. Thereafter, the developed paradigm of MVC architectural pattern is introduced as a separation of concerns, testability, and parallel development facilitator, which is backed by current-day JavaScript frameworks (Angular, Backbone, and Ember). The paper also examines how API-based architectures became dominant due to the frameworks such as Laravel and React and strengthened by the governance features such as versioning, access control, documentation, and monitoring. Further, it identifies the contributions of internal and external APIs in organizational ecosystems. On the whole, the research integrates technological trends that enable scalable, modular and maintainable system development in the current software environments.

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Keywords:

Cloud Computing, Backend Development, .NET Ecosystem, ASP.NET Core, MVC Architecture, API-Based Design.